MODULE 5 · LESSON 5.5
Visualising Health Indicators
Estimated time: 25 minutes
Different questions require different visualisations. Choosing the chart is part of the analysis.
5.5.1 Bar charts
Use a bar chart to compare categories, such as the number of reports submitted by five facilities.
5.5.2 Line charts
Use a line chart to show change over time, such as monthly reporting completeness from January to December.
5.5.3 Cards
A card displays one important value: total reports received, reporting completeness, the number of reporting facilities, or total recorded service contacts. Label the value and, where relevant, the reporting period.
5.5.4 Tables and matrices
Use a table when readers need exact values, such as completeness for every facility. A matrix can show facilities as rows and months as columns.
5.5.5 Avoid misleading visuals
- Missing chart titles.
- Unclear units.
- Inconsistent reporting periods.
- Distorted axes.
- Too many colours.
- Overcrowded layouts.
- Comparing incompatible indicators.
- Presenting estimates without explaining their limitations.
5.5.6 A practical chart-selection guide
| Analytical question | Suitable visualisation |
|---|---|
| Which facility recorded the most visits? | Bar chart |
| How did monthly attendance change? | Line chart |
| What was the total number of reports received? | Card |
| What was reporting completeness by facility and month? | Table or matrix |
| How do two indicators change over time? | Separate line charts, or a carefully designed combined visual |
Suggested answers
- Which of ten facilities submitted the most reports?
- How did service attendance change over twelve months?
- What percentage of expected reports was received?
- What was the exact number of reports submitted by each facility?
The best chart is the one that communicates the information clearly and accurately, not necessarily the most decorative one.